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Hose couplings, also known as hose adapters, are used for connecting one end of a hose to another end of a hose. It is also used to connect a hose to a tap. Most hose couplings are used in many simple applications, such as in garden hoses as well as irrigation sprinklers, which are mostly found at home. However, there are several hose couplings which are used in more complicated applications, such as in fire hoses.

So what are the different types of hose couplings used around the world today? And for what applications do these hose adapters are used for?

Hose Couplings for Garden Hoses
There are currently two types of hose couplings used for garden hoses. These are the hoselink and the hozelock. A Hoselink is a bayonet type connector utilizing a 0 Ring compression to provide a watertight connection for home and commercial garden hoses, while a Hozelock makes use of a push-fit connector.

Hose Couplings for Fire Hoses
For fire hoses, there are different types of hose couplings used around the world, and each are usually different from each other. These include:

Storz (Germany)
This type of hose coupling involves a “quarter turn coupling”, or “sexless coupling”, commonly used to connect to fire hydrants, easy to connect, no particular male or female end, lugs are on inside of coupling.

Guillemin Symmetrical Clutch (France and Belgium)
Also known as a DSP, this type of hose coupling involves a “quarter turn” and “sexless” (symmetrical). A ring in each end with two protuberances outside; when the ring turns, the protuberances lock to the hook of the other hose. This type of hose coupling can be fastened by by hand, but it is also possible to use a tricoise wrench.

NST or National Standard Thread and Expansion Ring (USA)
Also known as National Hose thread (NH), this is one of the most common types of hose couplings in the US used for fire hoses. It involves a male and a female straight thread which can be screwed together while the connection is sealed with a gasket.

The Expansion Ring, on the other hand, is commonly used on lay flay fire hose, it has the advantage of providing no flow restriction, as the expansion ring is expanded to match the inner diameter of the hose. These types of hose couplings, however, are installed with special machinery using a drawbar expander.

Hose Couplings for other Uses
Other than garden hoses and fire hoses, there are also a number of hose adapters used for different types of applications. These include:

Air King and Ground Joint (Air Hoses)
The Air King is a universal hose coupling used for air hoses. This involves a malleable iron or brass “quarter turn” “sexless coupling” usually found on pneumatic tools like jackhammers.

A Ground Joint, or also known as the Boss, is a hose coupling is primarily used for compressed air or steam. It consists of a stem, wing nut and spud. It seals as a soft copper seat located in the spud is drawn against the stem by tightening the wing nut.

Cam and Groove (Petroleum)
A Cam and groove is a quick connect fluid transfer hose coupling that consists of a male “adapter” and female “coupler”. The “adapter” has a groove on the outside that is engaged by the “cam arms” on the outside of the “coupler” to effect a seal against the gasket inside the “coupler”. They are most commonly found in petroleum or chemical applications.

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